What is the primary function of a buffer in a solution?

The primary function of a buffer in a solution is to resist changes in pH when an acid or alkali is added. Buffers work by neutralizing small amounts of acids or bases, maintaining the overall acidity or alkalinity of the solution within a narrow range. This is crucial in various chemical processes, including those related to drinking water quality, because most biochemical reactions are pH-sensitive. By stabilizing pH, buffers help ensure that the water's chemical properties remain consistent, which is essential for effective treatment processes and the overall safety of drinking water.